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Handbook›Advanced Codex Usage›Models and Reasoning
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Models and Reasoning

Choose GPT-6 Astra, GPT-6.1 Sol, GPT-6 Luna, and reasoning levels by task risk, cost, and latency, and plan the GPT-5.6 and GPT-5.5 transitions.

Written and reviewed by Eric Han · Co-founder & CTO, reopt

Key takeaways

  • GPT-6 Astra (gpt-6-astra), released 2026-09-03, is Codex's top model. It requires CLI 0.153.0 or later and was the bundled default in 0.153.4–0.159.0 when no model was explicitly configured.
  • GPT-6.1 Sol (gpt-6.1-sol) began rolling out on 2026-09-29 and, from CLI 0.159.1, is the bundled default when no model is explicitly configured. It offers near-Astra performance at a lower cost, with API pricing per 1M of $2 input / $0.10 cached input / $10 output.
  • Astra has a 1,050,000-token context window, 128K max output, API pricing of $10 input / $1 cached input / $50 output per 1M, and an April 30, 2026 knowledge cutoff.
  • GPT-6 Sol (gpt-6-sol) and GPT-6 Luna (gpt-6-luna) began rolling out to Codex and ChatGPT Work on 2026-09-22. They appear in the picker from CLI 0.156.1, and 0.157.0 adds Bedrock support and migration prompts. Reach for GPT-6.1 Sol first for complex coding and agentic work now, and keep Luna for focused high-volume tasks.
  • API pricing per 1M: Sol $2 input / $0.20 cached / $10 output; Luna $0.10 / $0.01 / $0.50. Both have a 1,050,000-token context and 128K max output.
  • GPT-5.6 Sol, Terra, and Luna stay available during the rollout, but the 0.157.0 bundled catalog prompts GPT-5.6 Sol and Terra users to move to GPT-6 Sol, and GPT-5.6 Luna users to GPT-6 Luna.
  • Reasoning levels are low, medium (the default when unset), high, xhigh, and max. Ultra adds automatic delegation; Max spends more reasoning on one task.
  • Astra is the first OpenAI model to reach the Critical cybersecurity capability level under the Preparedness Framework. Tighten approvals, sandboxing, and review before granting it high-privilege automation.
  • GPT-5.5 retired from ChatGPT-authenticated Codex on 2026-10-14. API-key sessions are unaffected; choose an available replacement such as GPT-6.1 Sol.
  • Codex Cloud tasks do not currently let users change the default model, so keep Cloud policy separate.

Current Model Baseline (2026-10-23)

ModelPositionBest fit
GPT-6 Astra (gpt-6-astra)Most capable model, built for the hardest end-to-end workLong autonomous implementation, large migrations, computer use and browsing, multistep research, document and app output
GPT-6.1 Sol (gpt-6.1-sol)Near-Astra performance at a lower cost; the bundled default from 0.159.1Team default for complex coding and agentic workflows and for repeated, long-running work across code, apps, and documents
GPT-6 Luna (gpt-6-luna)Most efficient model for focused, high-volume tasksExtraction, classification, transformation, structured summaries, narrow edits, bounded subagents

The models page recommends Astra, GPT-6.1 Sol, and GPT-6 Luna. GPT-6.1 Sol, GPT-6 Sol, and GPT-6 Luna are available in Work and Codex in ChatGPT, not in Chat. The GPT-6.1 Sol launch rollout covers Plus, Pro, Business, Enterprise, and Edu; Free and Go are not included. Availability depends on the rollout, sign-in method, and client; Enterprise and Edu administrators must enable the new models first, and selecting one does not grant workspace access.

Previous modelStatusReplacement
GPT-6 Sol (gpt-6-sol)Still available; replaced by GPT-6.1 Sol in the recommended listGPT-6.1 Sol when available to your account
GPT-5.6 Sol, Terra (gpt-5.6-sol, gpt-5.6-terra)Available during rollout; 0.157.0 shows a migration promptGPT-6 Sol
GPT-5.6 Luna (gpt-5.6-luna)Available during rollout; migration promptGPT-6 Luna
GPT-5.5 (gpt-5.5)Retired from ChatGPT-sign-in Codex on 2026-10-14; API-key path unaffectedGPT-6.1 Sol when available; otherwise a model offered to the plan/client
GPT-5.3-Codex-SparkRetired 2026-09-14A recommended model plus fast mode
GPT-5.4, GPT-5.4 miniRetired 2026-08-31 (ChatGPT sign-in)GPT-6 Sol, GPT-6 Luna

GPT-6.1 Sol Specifications

ItemValue
Model IDgpt-6.1-sol
Context / max output1,050,000 / 128,000 tokens
API pricing (per 1M)$2 input · $0.10 cached input · $2.50 cache writes · $10 output
Knowledge cutoffApril 30, 2026
Reasoning effort (API)low, medium (default), high, xhigh, max; none and minimal are not supported
Reasoning in CodexLight through Ultra; Max and Ultra depend on your settings, and the bundled catalog default is low
SpeedStandard and Fast; Ultrafast on Pro $500 and eligible Enterprise and Edu plans
API tool callingSupported in the Responses API; Chat Completions is supported without tool calling

Cached input costs 5% of the uncached input rate, lower than GPT-6 Sol's 10%. Requests over 272K input tokens are billed at 2x input and cache rates and 1.5x output for the whole request; Fast costs 2x standard, and Batch and Flex cost 50%. US and EU data residency are supported, but Fast mode is unavailable with EU data residency. The official docs set no specific starting effort for GPT-6.1 Sol: start from the client default and adjust.

The bundled default change in 0.159.1

CLI 0.159.1 made GPT-6.1 Sol the default in the bundled catalog and in the Amazon Bedrock Mantle and Runtime catalogs. In the rust-v0.160.1 bundled catalog, GPT-6.1 Sol is priority 1 and Astra is priority 2, and GPT-6.1 Sol is still priority 1 at rust-v0.162.1. The 0.161.0 release notes restate this default for the bundled and Amazon Bedrock catalogs without changing the default model. Teams that pin model in config.toml are unaffected. Automation with an unset model runs on Astra through 0.159.0 and on GPT-6.1 Sol from 0.159.1, so cost and results vary with the CLI version.

GPT-6 Sol and Luna Specifications

ItemGPT-6 SolGPT-6 Luna
Model IDgpt-6-solgpt-6-luna
Context / max output1,050,000 / 128,000 tokens1,050,000 / 128,000 tokens
API pricing (per 1M)$2 input · $0.20 cached input · $10 output$0.10 input · $0.01 cached input · $0.50 output
Knowledge cutoffApril 20, 2026May 18, 2026
Reasoning effort (API)none, low, medium (default), high, xhigh, maxSame
Suggested starting effort in CodexMediumHigh; supports up to Max, not Ultra

For both models, requests over 272K input tokens are billed at 2x input and cache rates and 1.5x output for the whole request. Batch and Flex cost 50% of standard; fast mode costs 2x. Reasoning levels don't map exactly across model generations, so retry a familiar task at a lower level first.

GPT-6 Astra Specifications

ItemValue
Model IDgpt-6-astra
Context window1,050,000 tokens
Max output128,000 tokens
API pricing (per 1M)$10 input · $1 cached input · $50 output
Knowledge cutoffApril 30, 2026
Reasoning effortlow, medium, high, xhigh, max
Supported featuresStreaming, structured outputs, function calling, file search, image input, web search, prompt caching
Supported toolsWeb search, file search, image generation, code interpreter, hosted shell, apply patch, skills, computer use, MCP, tool search
Not supportedRealtime, Assistants, Fine-tuning, Embeddings, and audio/video endpoints

How Astra landed in Codex

CLI 0.153.0 introduced Astra support. 0.153.1 added a way to configure Astra through the API without changing the default model or picker visibility. 0.153.3 added it to the Amazon Bedrock Mantle and Runtime pickers. 0.153.4 fixed its visibility in the bundled model picker and made it the bundled default when no model is explicitly configured (through 0.159.0; GPT-6.1 Sol replaces it from 0.159.1). Teams that pin model in config.toml are unaffected by that default change, so adopt Astra deliberately.

Critical cybersecurity classification

OpenAI classifies Astra as its first model to reach the Critical cybersecurity capability level under the Preparedness Framework, stating that with the right tools and access it can find previously unknown security flaws and develop new ways to exploit them. Before running Astra with broad automation, narrow /permissions, sandboxing, and approval policy, and re-check auto-approval scope and network access.

GPT-5.5 · 2026-10-14

GPT-5.5 retired from ChatGPT-authenticated Codex on 2026-10-14 at 19:00 UTC. The OpenAI API and API-key authenticated sessions are unaffected. Check /model for a plan/client-available replacement such as GPT-6.1 Sol (gpt-6.1-sol) and update workspace defaults, saved settings, managed configuration, custom agents, scheduled tasks, and scripts referencing gpt-5.5. Official retirement notice.

Operating Rules

  1. Use Astra plus high~max for the hardest and longest work: large-context migrations, multistep research, and tasks mixing computer use with code.
  2. Use Astra or GPT-6.1 Sol plus high~max and human review for ambiguous or high-blast-radius work.
  3. Use GPT-6.1 Sol for everyday engineering, starting from the client's default effort; raise effort or escalate to Astra when failure cost rises.
  4. Start GPT-6 Luna at high for explicit, repeatable tasks and lower it once results hold.
  5. Use Ultra when the goal benefits from automatic delegation, after bounding write scopes and budget.
  6. Use Max for deeper single-task reasoning; do not treat it as an alias for Ultra orchestration.

Astra's API price is 5x GPT-6.1 Sol and 100x Luna. With GPT-6.1 Sol as the bundled default from 0.159.1, sessions with an unset model cost less, but run representative task evals to confirm that work previously run on Astra keeps its quality, and keep repetitive work on Luna.

Commands and Configuration

codex --model gpt-6-astra
codex --model gpt-6.1-sol  # bundled default from 0.159.1
codex exec -m gpt-6.1-sol "Review the current changes"
codex --model gpt-6-sol    # 0.156.1+
codex --model gpt-6-luna

# Previous generation during the rollout (regression baseline)
codex --model gpt-5.6-sol

Authentication, account, and provider rollout can change the exact IDs exposed to a workspace. Use the /model picker as the final availability check.

model = "gpt-6-astra"
model_reasoning_effort = "high"

# Balanced everyday default
# model = "gpt-6.1-sol"
# model_reasoning_effort = "medium"

# Optional dedicated review model
# review_model = "gpt-6-astra"

Provider and Cloud Boundaries

  • Codex CLI 0.148.0 adds a built-in amazon-bedrock provider configured with AWS profile and region. GPT-6 Astra appears in the Bedrock Mantle and Runtime pickers from 0.153.3, and GPT-6 Sol and Luna from 0.157.0; from 0.159.1, GPT-6.1 Sol is the default in both catalogs. 0.161.0 adds multi-agent V2 and Ultra reasoning on compatible Bedrock models and lets Bedrock Mantle accept AWS GovCloud regions; the release notes do not list the compatible models, so check /model in the Bedrock account. From 0.160.0, an explicit provider model catalog no longer includes unsupported bundled models. Since 0.155.0, Bedrock can obtain AWS credentials from configured commands, with caching and expiry-based refresh.
  • Do not assume direct OpenAI, Bedrock, and custom providers expose identical IDs or reasoning levels; record each provider's /model inventory and eval results.
  • A local CLI/App/IDE model change does not change the fixed default model of a Codex Cloud task.

Migration Checklist

  • Upgrade to CLI 0.153.0 or later and confirm with codex --version. Pin model in config.toml if you do not want the 0.153.4 default change to apply.
  • Review /permissions, sandboxing, and auto-approval scope before adopting Astra, given its Critical cybersecurity classification.
  • Upgrade to CLI 0.156.1 or later (0.157.0 for Bedrock) and confirm GPT-6 Sol and Luna in the picker.
  • On CLI 0.159.1 or later, confirm with /status that sessions with an unset model run on GPT-6.1 Sol. Pin model = "gpt-6-astra" to keep Astra as the default.
  • Before 2026-10-14, replace gpt-5.5 on the ChatGPT-sign-in path with GPT-6 Sol (Luna on Free and Go).
  • Move gpt-5.6-* defaults to GPT-6 Sol and Luna; keep the previous generation only as a regression baseline.
  • Clean up remaining gpt-5.4, gpt-5.4-mini, gpt-5.3-codex-spark, gpt-5.2, and gpt-5.3-codex references.
  • In Enterprise and Edu, confirm an administrator has enabled GPT-6.1 Sol, GPT-6 Sol, and Luna in workspace model availability.
  • Confirm the selected model and reasoning effort with /model and /status.
  • Compare Astra, GPT-6.1 Sol, and Luna for quality, latency, and credit use on representative team tasks.
  • Keep Cloud and API-key provider policies separate.

Sources

  • Models: https://learn.chatgpt.com/docs/models
  • GPT-6 Astra (API): https://developers.openai.com/api/docs/models/gpt-6-astra
  • GPT-6.1 Sol (API): https://developers.openai.com/api/docs/models/gpt-6.1-sol
  • GPT-6 Sol (API): https://developers.openai.com/api/docs/models/gpt-6-sol
  • GPT-6 Luna (API): https://developers.openai.com/api/docs/models/gpt-6-luna
  • GPT-6 Astra announcement: https://openai.com/index/gpt-6-astra/
  • Codex CLI: https://learn.chatgpt.com/docs/codex/cli
  • Slash commands: https://learn.chatgpt.com/docs/developer-commands?surface=cli
  • Config reference: https://learn.chatgpt.com/docs/config-file/config-reference
  • Changelog: https://learn.chatgpt.com/docs/changelog

Related docs

Cmd. /model

Codex Command Master · Switch among GPT-6 Astra, GPT-6.1 Sol, and GPT-6 Luna, the earlier GPT-6 Sol and GPT-5.6 models, and supported reasoning effort levels.

Verification

A checklist for validating advanced Codex team operations.

Updates

Change log for the Advanced Codex Usage handbook.

Release coverage history

Codex Command Master · Codex CLI: Dated release coverage and handbook update decisions, preserved separately from current instructions.

Handbook updates

Codex Command Master · Codex CLI: Recent handbook structure improvements with links to dated release coverage and audit records.

MCP Integration

Connect Codex to MCP servers with explicit tool, data, and trust boundaries.

Governance and Rollout

Roll out Codex across teams with ownership, policy, training, and upgrade discipline.

On this page

Current Model Baseline (2026-10-23)GPT-6.1 Sol SpecificationsGPT-6 Sol and Luna SpecificationsGPT-6 Astra SpecificationsOperating RulesCommands and ConfigurationProvider and Cloud BoundariesMigration ChecklistSources